I am surprised vercel doesn't have fine-grained control. Supabase for example allows developer to config IAM roles and which role has read-only or read-write access to which tables. And each IAM role comes with its own token. This way people can easily configure a set of permissions agent should have access to and give that token to agent.

If you use a cloud like AWS, GCP, or Azure... you give it an SA and you give access with very fine grained permission controls

It's more about specific apps than modern apps and how your org puts their infra together.

I don't have your problem, I can give my agents all sorts of environments with a spectrum of access vs restrictions

Agreed on cloud IAM. AWS, GCP, and Azure handle fine-grained access well.

The problem is higher-level platforms and SaaS. Once agents need feedback from deployment, CI, logs, or config tools, permissions often collapse into “full token or nothing”. Vercel is just one example.

That’s the gap I’m pointing at.

Maybe the problem is your SaaS choices

I don't have problems with permissions in any of those things you listed. Do mainly k8s based infra

terraform cloud, argocd, vercel and supabase (modern stack for micro apps), sentry (doesn't have per project permissions), sendgrid, etc...

What does your stack look like beyond Kubernetes and AWS? It’s hard to imagine everything there supports truly fine-grained permissions.

Actually, almost everything stays within the private cloud, health care industry

GCP (main), AWS/Azure (b/c customers), Jenkins/Argo

TF/Helm are IaC and run from containers, no hashicorp services

CloudSQL, why are you sending your db queries to a SaaS?

LGTM for observability

The vendors we do have are WIF'd (i.e. code & secops scanning)

WIF is the key, mature vendors are supporting WIF, and amazingly the hyperscalers are supporting each others WIFs for cross-cloud, so we can give a GCP SA, AWS perms and vice versa

There’s also a related issue: many services use per-project API tokens. When agents need access to multiple projects, you have to pass several tokens at once. Which often leads to confusion and erratic behavior, including severe hallucinations.

Yeah, totally. Per-project tokens make it worse. Once you hand an agent multiple tokens, there’s no clean way to say “use this one vs that one”.

There’s no clean read-only or capability-scoped access.-> always found that to be a no brainer backend feature, somehow most platforms misses that

Yeah, agreed. Read-only and capability-scoped access feels like a no-brainer.

Most platforms were built assuming a human behind the UI. Once you introduce AI agents, the missing permission layers start to show.

Qubes OS allows to isolate any workflow with hardware-assisted virtualization.

How can it help? Could you share more details please?

On Qubes, all software runs in virtual machines, isolated with strong virtualization. Anything you do in one dedicated VM has no effect on all others, so any unrelated data will not be accessible by the AI agents.

It’s great but how can it help with agent’s permissions for cloud services without fine grained tokens?